Zeitschrift für Veterinärmedizin und Gesundheit

Abstrakt

A Blade Got Detected Within the Head of a Dog

Wakgari MNS

An intracranial foreign body necessitated surgery for an 8-year-old Maltese dog. The dog had three generalised tonic-clonic seizures after being struck by an automobile. Using computed CT, an intracranial metallic item with a vertical orientation was discovered. The temporomandibular joint was in close proximity to the ventral end, which protruded by 2 mm. additionally; mild bilateral ventricular dilatation was noted. The foreign body was first attempted to be removed from the brain during surgery through the oral canal, but due to extensive covering by the surrounding tissues, a rostrotentorial craniotomy was ultimately decided. A sewing needle was discovered to be the alien object. The intracranial portion of the needle had been fully removed, according to postoperative computed tomography, leaving just the extracranial portion of the needle, which had separated from the remainder of the needle. Following surgery,antiepileptic medications were continued, and the dog is today symptom-free.

Background: In dogs and cats, a brain abscess or inflammation from a foreign body is a rare ailment. Skin, ear canals, conjunctiva, the nasal cavity, and oral cavity are all possible entry points for objects inside the skull. It is not unusual for clinical symptoms to appear a few weeks to months after the foreign object entered the patient’s body. The most frequent foreign bodies in human medicine are different surgical instruments, bullets, wood, nails, knives, and even sewing needles.The majority of people exhibit symptoms including headaches and seizures. Only seldom do conditions like cognitive loss, fever, brain abscesses, and meningitis occur, and roughly one-third of them are asymptomatic. 5 As a murderous effort, transcranial sewing needle penetration through the fontanelle occasionally happens (often related to cultural background). Up till 2010, 40 case reports regarding alleged sewing needle insertion via the fontanelle were published. 6 The majority of them had no clinical symptoms and infrequently had abnormal behaviour, headaches, or seizures. 5, 9 numerous case reports have been reported in which the child was pierced by the needle while still a newborn, but the clinical signs didn’t manifest until the child was an adult. Due to the potential risks of surgery, none
were necessary in the majority of these situations. 3, 6, 9, 10 A secondary growing brain abscess can sometimes elicit clinical indications in asymptomatic intracranial foreign entities after their penetration. In the veterinary literature,brain puncture by grass awns is a common occurrence. According to one investigation, an awn migration into the neurocranium via the orbital musculature led to a forebrain abscess. 1 All neurological symptoms (depressed mental status, spastic tetraparesis, and ataxia, with the pelvic limbs being more affected) were alleviated after the surgical
draining and extraction of the plant. A different kind of foreign body is a stick or piece of wood that can enter the brain and skull. In one case report, a stick was said to have entered a dog’s brain through the foramen ovale. In addition to the focused oral inflammation, neurological symptoms included abnormal mentation, no threat response in the left eye,and proprioceptive ataxia in all four limbs. An intracranial foreign body was detected using computed tomography (CT) imaging without the production of metallic artefacts. Based on this, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was carried out, which revealed a long, hypointense linear structure encircled by a diffuse T2W hyperintensity on the right side of the brain. A haemorrhage was confirmed by the T2* sequence, and there were additional indications of cerebellar herniation, papilledema, and elevated intracranial pressure. After using an intraoral retrograde method to remove the stick, all clinical symptoms disappeared. The damaged part of the brain has a significant impact on the clinical characteristics. A 7-month-old dachshund with a brain abscess in the medulla oblongata caused ataxia, spastic tetraparesis, and a low mental status. 13 An MRI of the medulla revealed a circular mass that was T2W hyperintense and T1 hypointense, with contrast enhancement on T1W images of the lesion’s periphery. Euthanasia was decided because of the patient’s location and poor prognosis (diffuse glioma, abscess, etc.). The eventual conclusion following the postmortem examination was that a plant substance had caused the brain abscess. In addition to abscessation,meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis can be brought on by foreign materials, particularly grass awns. 14 These neurological abnormalities included extensor rigidity, altered mental state, tetraparesis or plegia, circling, and ataxia
in the three affected pups. Without using diagnostic imaging first, all of the dogs were put to sleep, and postmortem examination of one dog’s right occipital lobe and right lateral ventricle revealed serious symptoms of inflammation and a grass awn migration (another two dogs). 14 According to a case study, a juvenile Hungarian Vizsla experienced a seizure and gradually lost neurological function. 15 The right cerebral hemisphere displayed diffuse intra-axial T2W and fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity on the MRI, as well as a mass effect with a midline shift to the left. After the MRI, the dog’s spontaneous breathing did not return, therefore euthanasia was decided upon. Opening
the calvarium during postmortem inspection revealed a foreign body that resembled a plant in the caudal region of the right cerebral hemisphere (gyrus ectomarginalis medius). An study of the histopathology revealed perilesional pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis. In the veterinary literature, a different kind of foreign body injury caused by porcupine quills to the central nervous system has been documented. 16 Injuries caused by quills can be frequent in areas where these animals are endemic, such as North America. One case report described a dog with sadness,halitosis, ptyalism, and oral pain brought on by an intracranial-intraaxial foreign body. 16 A CT scan indicated a foreign body in the dog’s brain, and the canine was put to sleep as a result of deteriorating clinical signs. A porcupine quill that had entered the skull through the foramen ovale was discovered during the postmortem examination.