OMICS Journal of Radiology

Abstrakt

Cervical cancer of papillomavirus infections with its associated risk factors on human health

Firew Admasu Hailu Hailu

This study mainly focus on infections that caused by papillomavirus and its associated risk factors. Background: Human papillomavirus is the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease which infect the epithelium of human being of both men and women. There are more than 100 types of HPV, of which at least 14 are cancer-causing as high risk type. HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity. In addition, infection with low-risk types can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, genital warts and laryngeal papillomas and high-risk of HPV types act as carcinogens in the development of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers and also cause from low to high grade cervical cell abnormalities, and detected in 99% of cervical cancers. Objectives: The objectives of this article is to asses papillomavirus infections of cancers and its associated risk factors on human health. Methods: Important information’s about papillomavirus infections and its associated risk factors from various international published sources, such as researches, reviews, health and biology books, organized and rewrite based on the standard scientific methods. Results and conclusions: Human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted infection, sexually active men and women being exposed but mainly sexually active women will likely be infected with papillomavirus during their lifetime. However, greater than 90% of this infection will disappear within one to two years by its own without causing any symptoms of disease. In addition, some of the cancer that caused by papillomavirus such as cancers of cervix, anus, vulva, vagina, penis and pharynx. Of which, cervical cancer is caused by papillomavirus, the second most common next to breast cancer in women and death of women by cervical cancer greater than 85% of them are from low and middle-income countries. Moreover, 16 and 18 types of HPV are found in the majority of cervical cancer cases. Of these, HPV-16 is the most common and was found in approximately 50-55%, while HPV-18 was found in about 15-20% of cases. HPV-18 type is the found most frequently in cancer of the adenocarcinoma, which is likely to become more common as well and has a high chance of misdiagnosis on the basis of a Pap smear screening alone. The genital warts are soft growths that appear on the genitals and can cause pain, discomfort, and itching and also genital warts a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain low-risk strains of the human papillomavirus. Therefore, prevention and control of such cancer includes vaccination recommended by WHO against HPV, regular screening and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions, diagnosis at early stage and treatment of invasive cervical cancer and palliative care and also use of a condom during sexual intercourse will help to prevent infection, but not in all cases.