Unsere Gruppe organisiert über 3000 globale Konferenzreihen Jährliche Veranstaltungen in den USA, Europa und anderen Ländern. Asien mit Unterstützung von 1000 weiteren wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften und veröffentlicht über 700 Open Access Zeitschriften, die über 50.000 bedeutende Persönlichkeiten und renommierte Wissenschaftler als Redaktionsmitglieder enthalten.

Open-Access-Zeitschriften gewinnen mehr Leser und Zitierungen
700 Zeitschriften und 15.000.000 Leser Jede Zeitschrift erhält mehr als 25.000 Leser

Abstrakt

Risk Factors, Classifications and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy

Gudisa Bereda*

Diabetic retinopathy, a microangiopathy affecting all of the small retinal vessels, such as arterioles, capillaries and venules, is characterized by increased vascular permeability, ocular haemorrhages, lipid exudate, by vascular closure mediated by the development of new vessels on the retina and the posterior vitreous surface. The most relevant risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy are the duration of the disease, poor glycemic control (high glycosylated hemoglobin levels) and the presence of hypertension. However, the impact of bloodglucose control in the development of diabetic retinopathy is stronger that the impact of blood-pressure control. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the hallmark feature of pathologic preretinal neovascularization. Inflammation is a nonspecific response to injury that includes a variety of functional and molecular mediators, including recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Inflammation typically has beneficial effects on an acute basis, but can have undesirable effects if persisting chronically. The increased expression of many inflammatory proteins is regulated at the level of gene transcription through the activation of proinflammatory transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B.